Windows 10: Are my system boot files on the wrong drive? Screen Shots Included

Try turning off fast startup. Also, to completely disable the hiberfile.sys file (whatever it is called), you have to disable hibernation via the command line. That would also disable fast startup because fast startup uses the same file. Also write caching on D: only. Restart the computer with the new settings. See if that fixes it before pulling apart anything.

 

I think I will have to pull the computer apart to test is this works. Remember the problem is only present when the D drive is disconnected. With the D drive present it shuts down just fine. The only reason this is a concern to me is that I am afraid when I format the D drive for data storage the computer will probably then not shut down.

I will look up disabling hibernation through command line.

One other question, since I know so little about partitions and formatting, in my screenshot from Mini Tools I see that the system partition, that I copied to Disk 0 is formatted as Fat32 and the existing C partition is formatted as NTFS, also the system partition is listed a "Primary" instead of "Active". These are not problems are they?

 

Oh, yeah, I forgot that this problem only occurs with the HDD disconnected, you're right.

On both UEFI and legacy BIOS computers, the partition the computer boots from will be marked as the "System" partition inside the parenthesis in built-in Windows disk management (your post #10). For both UEFI and BIOS computers, this partition must be a primary partition, not a logical partition, and primary v. logical is shown in the graphical part of built-in Windows disk management.

On UEFI systems - this (system) partition that the computer boots from must be FAT32 and is normally an EFI System type partition. You can have multiple EFI System type partitions and you select which one you actually boot from in the UEFI firmware settings/boot menu. There is no requirement to have any partition marked as "active" on a UEFI system because the firmware looks for those EFI System partitions.

On BIOS systems, the BIOS looks for partitions marked as "active". You can only have one "active" partition per physical disk. The "active" partition can be it's own separate partition - or the partition containing the operating system can be marked as "active". This "active" partition can be FAT32 or NTFS, but it does have to be a primary partition and not a logical partition. Instead of building the BIOS boot menu from EFI System partitions, BIOS will build the boot menu from all the partitions it finds that are marked "active". The BIOS and UEFI boot menus I am talking about are those that are accessed by pressing a function key or DEL or ESC when the computer is first turned on before any OS files load.

 

A big tip of the hat to you @NavyLCDR for not only helping me get my computer configured properly but for quite an education! I followed through with your final suggestions and my laptop now boots and shuts down without the D drive attached. I feel confident that I can now format the D drive for data storage and my computer will work just fine. Thank you so very much!

One final question should I turn off file indexing for the SSD drive and leave it on for the standard HDD?

 

Leave file indexing on. It will make your searches complete faster, even on an SSD. Glad it worked for you!