Windows 10: My laptop having trouble to read HID-data sent from Arduino Leonardo with USB Host Shield &...

Josh the Real Josh · Nov 18, 2024

Hey, Microsoft community!Recently I've come across an issue regarding the functionality of my Arduino setup.I coded a sketch to draw a different pattern on the screen whenever I pressed the corresponding button with my mouse Left & right-click + mouse 4 & 5. With the USB Host Shield, the movement and click on the mouse can be sent to Leonardo directly. I used the USB Host Shield to capture the input [Mouse.isPressedMOUSE_LEFT] from my mouse and the Arduino Leonardo can react to the action and send out the output towards the PC [Mouse.movex, y] automatically. Basically I am making

:)

Brink · Nov 19, 2024

What is Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino and What Can It Do?
This post is a general overview of the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library, one of the technologies being used in the World’s Largest Arduino Maker Challenge. If you have not heard about the contest, we have more information at the bottom of this post.

If you’ve used an Arduino, you’re familiar with the concept of a shield. Each shield has a specialized purpose (e.g. a temperature shield, an accelerometer shield), and building a device with multiple shields can be complex, costly, and space-inefficient. Now imagine that you can use a low-cost Windows Phone as a compact set of shields. Your Arduino sketch would be able to access hundreds of dollars worth of sensors and capabilities in your Windows Phone through easy-to-use library calls.

This is exactly what the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library enables for developers. And that’s not the best part. This technology works for all Windows 10 devices, so you can use the sensors and capabilities on your PC and Surface as well. Also, the Arduino can offload computationally expensive tasks like speech recognition and web parsing to the Windows 10 companion device!

Now let’s take a closer look at the technology. You can find the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library on our GitHub page – this is the library that will be included on your Arduino sketch. You will also need to install a Universal Windows Application on your Windows 10 companion device to help surface the sensors and capabilities. This application can be downloaded from the Microsoft Store. Additionally, the open-source code for the Store application can be found here.

You can control the following sensors and capabilities from an Arduino using the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library:

Sensors:

Accelerometer

Compass

GPS

Gyrometer

Light Sensor

Orientation

Capabilities:

Screen

Touch

Camera

Email

Microphone

Notifications

SMS

Speech-to-Text

Speech Recognition

Vibration

Web

Let’s take look at a simple sample

Now that you know what the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino is, let’s talk about how to use the library.

Quick setup

The full setup instructions can be found here. Briefly, the software setup includes:
1. Downloading the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library from the Arduino Library Manager in the Arduino IDE.

2. Downloading the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino Store application on your Windows 10 companion device from here.

3. Connecting your Arduino to your Windows 10 companion device with a USB, Bluetooth, or network connection.

4. Writing and deploying your sketch on the Arduino IDE.
Hello Virtual Shields

A skeleton “Hello World” application using Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino looks like this:
Code:
Code:
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19 #include &lt;ArduinoJson.h&gt;     #include &lt;VirtualShield.h&gt;  #include &lt;Text.h&gt;     VirtualShield shield;               // identify the shield  Text screen = Text(shield);     // connect the screen     void setup()  {      shield.begin();             // begin communication         screen.clear();             // clear the screen      screen.print(&quot;Hello Virtual Shields&quot;);       }     void loop()  {  }  
As you can see, using a Virtual Shield is simple. In the sketch above, we include all necessary libraries and declare a VirtualShield object. We then declare a specific shield (Screen) object to represent the screen of the Windows 10 companion device in use. The program starts a serial communication, clears the screen of the Windows 10 companion device, and prints the line “Hello Virtual Shields” on the freshly cleared screen.

A glimpse at the architecture

Now that we’ve seen a simple sample, we can take a deeper dive into the architecture at play.

6twpmU7FRlA

The communication between the Arduino library and the Microsoft Store app is done over a USB, Bluetooth, or network connection. The protocol uses JSON by making use of the efficient open-source library ArduinoJson. This is what a simple transaction looks like across the wire (Arduino on left, Windows 10 companion device on right):

This is a simplified illustration of the basic communication enabled by Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino.

A more complex sample with sensors

Let’s take a look at a more realistic example that includes sensors. All sensors in the Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino library have the four functions listed below:

get – This function is a one-time data request to a sensor. An example would be reading acceleration values off of an accelerometer.

start – The start function begins a series of get calls, performed at a specified interval. The interval could be determined by time (read accelerometer data every second) or value change (report if the acceleration changes by 1 unit).

onChange – This function is exactly like start, except it does not report a data reading the first time it is called. It will begin reporting based on a chosen time interval or change in sensor reading.

stop – This function ends a running start or onChange

Working with GPS

With a base knowledge of how sensors work in Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino, we can take a look at something more specific. The following sample will explore how to pull GPS readings from a Windows 10 device onto an Arduino.

The code for this example is seen below:

Code:
Code:
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42 #include &lt;ArduinoJson.h&gt;  #include &lt;VirtualShield.h&gt;  #include &lt;Text.h&gt;  #include &lt;Geolocator.h&gt;     VirtualShield shield;  Text screen = Text(shield);  Geolocator gps = Geolocator(shield);     void gpsEvent(ShieldEvent* shieldEvent)  {    // If there is a sensor error (errors are negative)... display message    if (shieldEvent-&gt;resultId &lt; 0) {         screen.printAt(3, &quot;Sensor doesn't exist&quot;);         screen.printAt(4, &quot;or isn't turned on.&quot;);                screen.printAt(6, &quot;error: &quot; + String(shieldEvent-&gt;resultId));         return;    }       String lat = String(&quot;Lat: &quot;) + String(gps.Latitude);    String lon = String(&quot;Lon: &quot;) + String(gps.Longitude);    screen.printAt(3, lat);    screen.printAt(4, lon);  }     void setup()  {    shield.begin();         screen.clear();    screen.printAt(1, &quot;Basic GPS Lookup&quot;);         gps.setOnEvent(gpsEvent);    // Check GPS if reading changes by ~1/6 of a mile    gps.start(0, 0.01);  }     void loop()  {    shield.checkSensors();  }      
In setup, we initialize the gps.setOnEvent handler to call gpsEvent whenever a response is received. Then in loop, we start the GPS and call the function checkSensors. The call to checkSensors is required to start receiving responses and processing callbacks for any sensor or capability. Finally, the gpsEvent function prints latitude and longitude readings every time the GPS senses a shift greater than our specified delta (0.01 longitudinal/latitudinal degrees).

Here you can really start to see the power of Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino – it’s simple and easy to pull data from the Windows 10 companion device, and the device unifies a large collection of sensors and actuators that would otherwise be complex and costly.

A glimpse at the architecture

In the graphic below, we explore the underlying architecture of the GPS communication sample:

An end-to-end project

Now that we’ve seen how sensors and simple screen capabilities work with Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino, we can take a look at a more complete project.

Check out this simple Hackster.io project to see the library working in action.

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A quick look at more complex capabilities

So we’ve sent text to a companion screen, and we know how to get sensor readings. That’s a good start! But we’ve just scratched the surface of what Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino is capable. In this section, we’ll take a brief glimpse at some of the more advanced capabilities that your Arduino can control on your Windows 10 companion device.

Graphics

Basic graphics instructions and events are handled the same as sensors. A rectangle instruction
(id = screen.fillRectangle(80,120,70,70, YELLOW)) would produce the following communication:

And pressing and releasing the rectangle on the Windows 10 companion device would send back events tied to id.

Speech

The speech functionality of Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino includes Text-to-Speech and Speech Recognition. Here we see another huge advantage of Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino – we can leverage the computational power and APIs of the Windows 10 companion device to enable speech scenarios.

Text-to-Speech is simple and can be initiated by a command such as speech.speak(“Hello World”). This particular command will make the Windows 10 companion device speak the words “Hello World”.

The Speech Recognition functionality returns an indexed list of choices. Issuing the request recognition.listenFor(“yes,no”) would return an event with where 1=”yes”, 2=”no”, or 0=unrecognized (negative values are error indicators). The event can also account for groupings, such as recognizing a variety of words (“yes”, “yeah”, “ok”) as the single option “yes”. Recognition can also handle open-text, but is limited to 100 characters due to the memory and buffer size of an Arduino.

Web

You can also use the web capability to retrieve a web page and parse it before returning a web event to Arduino. This is really useful, as most web pages are larger than the entire Arduino onboard memory. The parsing engine uses an abbreviated instruction set to fully parse a web page.

The following code retrieves a weather dump from NOAA as a JSON blob, then parses the JSON to retrieve the current weather.

[table][tr][td]1 2 3[/td] [td]String url = "http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=47.6694 String parsingInstructions = "J:location.areaDescription|&^J:time.startPeriodName[0]|&^J:data.weather[0]"; web.get(url, parsingInstructions); [/td] [/tr] [/table]

The event returns “Redmond WA|This Afternoon|Chance Rain”. As with speech, Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino moves expensive tasks to the companion device, allowing for more free memory on the Arduino.

Where we want to expand Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino

Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino has already come so far, but there are many ways in which we could improve the technology further. The great part is, the library is open-source – any developer interested in expanding this technology is more than welcome. All of the code is available from our GitHub page.

Let’s take a look at three areas we would want to expand upon, if time were no obstacle!

First, we would add even more sensors and capabilities. NFC would make an excellent addition – this would enable scenarios like unlocking a door with your phone or transferring NFC payments. Others desired sensors and capabilities include: an Iris scanner (e.g. on a Lumia 950 XL); FM radio control; and device geofencing (rather than using the GPS and coding it yourself on Arduino). Also, Cortana would make an excellent addition.

Next, we could improve existing sensors and capabilities. For example, GPS returns a latitude, longitude, and altitude, and the sensor can be triggered on a settable delta. However, that delta is singular and applies to all properties equally. If you wanted to monitor a small change altitude, but not latitude or longitude – or ignore a large change in altitude (e.g. a tall building), then the sensor system would need more than one delta to monitor.

A third option would be to expand the scope. The Universal Windows Application currently connects to only one device at a time. We can imagine scenarios where multiple Arduinos can connect to a single app, such as in a home control systems (e.g. self-registering heating ducts opening/closing depending upon where you are).

And of course, there are countless other ways in which this technology can evolve. Explore it yourself, and see what you can build!

The World’s Largest Arduino Maker Challenge

Now that you’ve learned the ins and outs of Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino, it’s time to put your newly-learned skills to the test. The World’s Largest Arduino Maker Challenge would be a great opportunity to make use of the library.

The competition’s title is no overstatement – with more than 3,000 participants and 1,000 submitted project ideas in just the preliminary phase, this is truly the World’s Largest Arduino Maker Challenge. The contest is brought to you by Microsoft, Hackster.io, Arduino, Adafruit, and Atmel.

The parameters of the contest are simple – participants must develop a Universal Windows Application (UWA) that interfaces with an Arduino using a connection. Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino and Windows Remote Arduino are two recommended ways of establishing this connection. Check out the contest site for more details.

We hope you take this opportunity to learn more about the library and submit something great for the World’s Largest Arduino Maker Challenge! We can’t wait to see what you make!
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Source: What is Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino and What Can It Do? | Building Apps for Windows

Derrick19 - MSFT · Nov 19, 2024

USB driver not communicating with Arduino IDE

Hi

Welcome to Microsoft community.

I understand you're having trouble with your Arduino IDE. The error message you're seeing can be caused by several factors. Here are a few troubleshooting steps you can try:

Close Other Programs: Make sure no other programs are using COM11. Other software (like serial monitor programs or other IDEs) can block access if they are using the same port.

Run as Administrator: Try running the Arduino IDE as an administrator. Right-click the Arduino IDE shortcut and select "Run as administrator".

Change the COM Port: Try changing the COM port back to COM3 or to another port. You can do this in the Device Manager. Expand "Ports (COM & LPT)", right-click your device, select "Properties", go to the "Port Settings" tab, click "Advanced", and change the COM Port Number.

Update the Arduino IDE: Make sure you have the latest version of the Arduino IDE.

Reinstall the USB Driver: If the issue still isn't resolved, you might want to try reinstalling the USB driver. You can do this in the Device Manager. Expand "Ports (COM & LPT)", right-click your device, and select "Uninstall device". Afterward, unplug your device, restart your computer, and then plug your device back in. Windows should automatically reinstall the driver.

Check the Board and Port in Arduino IDE: Ensure the correct board and port are selected in the Arduino IDE. Go to Tools > Board and Tools > Port to check.

I hope these steps help you resolve the issue. If the problem persists, I suggest reaching out to Arduino's support community for more specific assistance.

Please feel free to let me know if you have any further updates, thanks.

Best regards

Derrick Qian | Microsoft Community Support Specialist

freddy97 · Nov 19, 2024

Display wireless temperature sensor data bytes in CLI using python

Hi, I need some suggestion to create the Ethernet communication between Arduino and my PC and read the data in bytes format in Command line interface using python script. Also, Arduino is connected with wireless modem which receives from wireless temperature sensor and using arduino Ethernet sheild I am connecting the arduino with laptop ethernet port. Any suggestion to read the data of wireless sensor using ethernet communication in python script will be great help.

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What is Windows Virtual Shields for Arduino and What Can It Do?