Windows 10: so i got a 2.5" HDD External Case USB 3.0.

I got it to put more storage space on my laptop which has only 32GB of storage. The only problem is I don't know how to do this. Please put your answers in layman's terms, I don't know much about computers.

:)

 

External HDD cases not working and partially crashing Windows (External HDDs work fine)

I bought an external USB 3.0 HDD case (adata ex500) for an HDD I had lying around, and it was working correctly, however, one day I was going to transfer some files from another external HDD case that I had to my said new HDD and case, so I pluggied in both
of them (one being USB 3.0 and the older case USB 2.0) and the second external never got recognized.

The issues started as soon as the second drive was plugged in. It never showed on my computer, and when I tried to eject the drive, nothing happened. So I tried to turn off the computer in order to safely remove it, and the computer never got past the "shutting
down" screen. It was kind of, like a partial crash, and happens every time I plug in ANY external USB 3.0 HDD case.

And the same happens every time I plugged in the case, also restarting the computer was useless, as it never got past the "restarting" screen.

The same HDD case was tried on another computer and it works perfectly. Also, the USB 2.0 still works on my computer, also a USB 3.0 external Samsung HDD.

At first I thought it was the adata case, so I bought and adata ED600 3.0 external case, and the same happened, so I started blaming the brand, but today I got a different brand 3.0 external case and the same issue persists.

What can I do?

Edit 12/25/19:

I did a clean windows installation, and problem persists. Could it be a Bios issue, or even hardware?

 

Slow transfer rate with USB 3.0 external HDD

Nice suggestion, I had not tried this experiment yet, also because the only two USB 2.0 ports that I have are used by the mouse and the keyboard.

Anyway, on USB 2.0 the external HDD works very well, it has a slower transfer rate but it works. So the problem is related to
USB Attached SCSI protocol on USB 3.0 port. What can I do now?

 

Internal USB 3.0 to external USB 3.0

Not sure where to post this....
I have a case that has 1 USB 2.0 and 2 USB 3.0 ports, a motherboard that only has external USB 3.0 support, and girls in my house that will not understand that only the USB 2.0 port works. So, I'm looking for a way to run a connector from the internal 3.0 connector from the case, out the back and plug into the 2 3.0 on the back I/O panel. I have found some on e-bay, but they are coming from China and I can't seem to find the right length that would look good as well.
Suggestions?
Case is a white Nanoxia Deep Silence 4 (has water cooling ports to run cables through)
Motherboard is an Intel DH67GD (has 14 USB 2.0 ports!)