Windows 10: A number of problems, probably related

I agree with what you said...... " reinstalling Windows or upgrading to a newer build (while keeping all the settings and files) are not solving the problem".

Gabriel Aul said Build 10586 ISO will be released in a few days.
My suggestion is to wait for the ISO and use it to do a Clean Install....... keep nothing, start fresh.

Of course, if you have not deleted the $Windows.~BT from your C: drive, you can use its esd file, convert it to an iso file, burn it to a bootable DVD or USB and then do a clean install.

 

By the way.............
Re : 1. Cannot start windows defender real-time protection:
Shows error code 0x800705b4 (attached)

Do you have a 3rd party security program installed ?
Some of those have their own defenders and they will disable Windows defender automatically. It is because having 2 defenders running is not only redundant but could also create conflicts between the 2 defenders.

I have not used a 3rd party security program for a long time. So I am out-dated in this subject matter.
In the past, the following programs will turn off Windows Defender.............
Avast, AVG, Norton and McAfee.

 

I recommend a clean install. I know it is a bit of a hassle, but most problems seem to disappear with it: Windows 10 - Clean Install - Windows 10 Forums

 

I guess I have reached the end of my list...Clean install...
Resetting will have the same effect as clean installing, right?

There are few programs which I don't wish to undergo the trouble of reinstalling because:
1.They are working perfectly fine
2. They are not causing any problem
3. They will take too long to install
4. They are not installed in the Windows partition(coz they were large) so won't be removed after a clean install
like my games from Steam, MATLAB and other large softwares....
Is there a way to backup all their settings and saved games, and just replace them after the reinstall/refresh to get them back to current state, coz the installation directory would remain untouched?

 

You are thinking of a refresh. A reset will be more like a reinstall, and a refresh will save those programs.

 

So far I know, in a PC, and I have Win 10 Home and Win 10 Pro, there is no Refresh option in Win 10 anymore. Just Reset.

I have a Surface RT, and I do have the Refresh option.

 

Well, it is called reset now I guess, but you keep your files still (or choose not to). See this: Refresh Windows 10 - Windows 10 Forums

 

Thank you.
I am well aware of Brink's tutorials. They are well known and I used them often. I even have many of those safe kept in my external hard drive.

A Reset is to reinstall and can only keep own files if one chooses to but NOT programs.

 

Very true, but due to your comment, I re-read the tutorial I linked to which explained that the refresh function is now found within the reset function... So you choose to keep your files or not. Hope I was more clear. The refresh tutorial takes you through resetting, but instead of erasing everything, you keep certain stuff, like the op desired. You are right, apps are no longer preserved

 

That's just another Microsoft's inept way to say .........................
there is no more Refresh option anymore, just Reset.
And you cannot keep your programs, just your files.