Windows 10: Error Message Appearing at Random

Ever since the last Windows 10 update, I continuously get an error message popping up randomly throughout the day. It doesn't matter if I close it. It will pop up even if I have nothing running. With error messages I can usually figure out what the problem is. With this one, I'm lost. I'll attach the error message.

:)

 

Frequent and random appearing BSOD 'internal power error'.


Update:
I did steps 6 and 7:

BIOS reset. I choose the 'optimized defaults':







And then I did steps 8 through 11.

Next step is the memtest86+. I created a bootable DVD, and tested if it works. (It does.) I plan these memory-tests the coming nights.
However, I can't see how I can test every SDRAM module separately. How do I do that?

(NB: After closing my game yesterday, I got the first BSOD in weeks, with a (new) message: "reference by pointer".)

 

Frequent and random appearing BSOD 'internal power error'.


I first did step 7:
I downloaded avastclear with the link provided. According to the instruction on the avast site, I rebooted in safe mode and started avastclear.exe

However:
After login, I got this [system error] message:




Then I starten avastclear and received these 2 error messages:




As this didn't work, I rebooted normally, and uninstalled avast the normal way with "add/remove programms".

 

Frequent and random appearing BSOD 'internal power error'.


Here are the magician screenshots:

Disk Drive




SMART button:










These tests didn't take long. Perhaps I missed a checkbox?

Also good to mention, I always get this message when starting " Samsung Magician":




I installed the SSD drive during Christmas 2016. I tried different drivers etc, but this message always came back.
As my PC worked perfectly at that time, I let it rest in the end and used the lastest microsoft driver that windows update installed.

As to the steps in post #22. I did not yet executed these steps, so I cannot give you an update just yet.
I hesitate a bit, because they seem to bring me in a new level of computer repair&analysis - into an area that is new to me. A bit out of my "comfort zone", and I need time to familiarize myself with these enhanced steps, so that I feel myself capable enough of doing them, without fearing to screw up my PC. Please give me some time for this. I will try to do this during this weekend.

I also didn't come round into doing steps 10 and 11 from post #8. Should I still do these?