Windows 10: I cannot VERIFY my identity or sign in

'Something has gone wrong' --- as Windows keeps telling me without explaining what to do about it. Fortunately I can still sign in with my PIN, but not otherwise, although when I try to sign in on Edge it says 'your PIN is not available'. I cannot get access to VERIFY. in Settings. When I click 'verify' it just reports something has gone wrong..

:)

 

“We need to verify your identity”,

I have received this code about a 100 times, either to my phone or my e-mail. It lasts about an hour or two, then I get the “We need to verify your identity” pop-up again.

Two-step sign in is not activated.

I also noticed that on the "My devices" page, my desktop PC is shown with detailed info, like motherboard type, Windows 10 Core (10.0.10586.63), etc.

But my other computer, the laptop, is just listed as "PC". No other information is available, not Windows version, no hardware details, nothing. That laptop is the only one that gets this annoying “We need to verify your identity” despite me having entered
the code over a hundred times in any available way.

I am quite certain that the fact that not detailed PC or Windows information is closely related to the “We need to verify your identity” problem.

 

Verify my identity for my Microsoft account

I want to know what's going on here.

My thread is also in
Verify my identity for my Microsoft account
I’ve never signed up, joined them, posted anything or entered anything as a guest either.
I did not see my username in their list of members.
When I queried my username to ensure if I am listed as a member, the response was
“The specified member cannot be found. Please enter a member's entire name.”

Do I need a moderator to check that out?
There are times I research items on the Internet and I suspect it's possible I have used their website to investigate something I'm interested in but as I've said I've never "I’ve never signed up, joined them, posted anything or entered anything as a guest either."

- - - Updated - - -

Everything went well especially since its an easy process. My problem was I saw too many complaints for carrying out the process and I don't understand why which made me think do I need to know about any gotchas. I'd say that the only gotchas to be concerned about is to pay attention in order to complete the process. There is a 30-day waiting period for the new phone to take effect which is not a problem for me.
EDIT: I don't know why this ended up as updated in this post but it is what it is.

 

Why can't I verify my identity?

I'm literally stuck in a loop here. When I'm in the Your Info settings menu I see that "You need to verify your identity" so I click the "verify" link below.

First, my username/alias automatically pops up but with the error message "That Microsoft account doesn't exist"

It does exist because I just set it up. I continue to next at which point I'm asked for my password. I enter it and receive this error:

Oops, something went wrong. The service isn't available right now - please try again later"

I've tried the virtual agent prompts which suggest I add extra security to verify my account; log in through the browser and add a phone number. Keep getting the same errors when I go back to verify my identity. I try the virtual agent again and now it's
suggested that I download the Microsoft Authentication app to my phone, I do, and when I try to verify my identity I'll go through the same process;

That account doesn't exist / next / Enter verification code (or password) / Oops