Windows 10: New Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL 2) Linux kernel with Windows 10

Brink · May 6, 2019

Today we’re unveiling the newest architecture for the Windows Subsystem for Linux: WSL 2! Changes in this new architecture will allow for: dramatic file system performance increases, and full system call compatibility, meaning you can run more Linux apps in WSL 2 such as Docker.

What exactly is WSL 2?

Our top requests from the WSL community have been to increase the file system performance, and make more apps work inside of WSL (i.e: introduce better system call compatibility). We have heard your feedback, and are glad to announce that WSL 2 helps solve these issues.

WSL 2 is a new version of the architecture that powers the Windows Subsystem for Linux to run ELF64 Linux binaries on Windows. This new architecture changes how these Linux binaries interact with Windows and your computer’s hardware, but still provides the same user experience as in WSL 1 (the current widely available version). Individual Linux distros can be run either as a WSL 1 distro, or as a WSL 2 distro, can be upgraded or downgraded at any time, and you can run WSL 1 and WSL 2 distros side by side. WSL 2 uses an entirely new architecture that uses a real Linux kernel.

Microsoft will be shipping a Linux kernel with Windows

Yes, you did just read that heading correctly! We will be shipping a real Linux kernel with Windows that will make full system call compatibility possible. This isn’t the first time Microsoft has shipped a Linux kernel, as we have already shipped one in 2018 when we announced Azure Sphere. However, this will be the first time a Linux kernel is shipped with Windows, which is a true testament to how much Microsoft loves Linux! We’ll be building the kernel in house from the latest stable branch, based on the source available at kernel.org. In initial builds we will ship version 4.19 of the kernel.

This kernel has been specially tuned for WSL 2. It has been optimized for size and performance to give an amazing Linux experience on Windows. We will service this Linux kernel through Windows updates, which means you will get the latest security fixes and kernel improvements without needing to manage it yourself.

Lastly, of course this Linux kernel will be fully open source! When we release WSL 2 we will have the full configuration available online on Github, so you can see how it works and build it yourself. If you’d like to read more about this kernel you can check out this blog post written by the team that built it.

A quick explanation of the architectural changes in WSL 2

WSL 2 uses the latest and greatest in virtualization technology to run its Linux kernel inside of a lightweight utility virtual machine (VM). However, WSL 2 will NOT be a traditional VM experience. When you think of a VM, you probably think of something that is slow to boot up, exists in a very isolated environment, consumes lots of computer resources and requires your time to manage it. WSL 2 does not have these attributes. It will still give the remarkable benefits of WSL 1: High levels of integration between Windows and Linux, extremely fast boot times, small resource footprint, and best of all will require no VM configuration or management.

Here’s a quick demo of WSL 2 in action. When we start our distro we get access to a working bash shell in under two seconds, and can run services and apps like docker right away. To summarize: while WSL 2 does use a VM, it will be managed and run behind the scenes leaving you with the same user experience as WSL 1.

You can expect more detail on the exact changes to the architecture posted to this blog in the near future, so please stay tuned!

How much faster is WSL 2?

File intensive operations like git clone, npm install, apt update, apt upgrade, and more will all be noticeably faster. The actual speed increase will depend on which app you’re running and how it is interacting with the file system. Initial tests that we’ve run have WSL 2 running up to 20x faster compared to WSL 1 when unpacking a zipped tarball, and around 2-5x faster when using git clone, npm install and cmake on various projects. We’re looking forwards to seeing speed comparisons from the community when we release!

Full System Call Compatibility

Linux binaries use system calls to perform many functions such as accessing files, requesting memory, creating processes, and more. In WSL 1 we created a translation layer that interprets many of these system calls and allows them to work on the Windows NT kernel. However, it’s challenging to implement all of these system calls, resulting in some apps being unable to run in WSL 1. Now that WSL 2 includes its own Linux kernel it has full system call compatibility. This introduces a whole new set of apps that you can run inside of WSL. Some exciting examples are the Linux version of Docker, as well as FUSE!

Using WSL 2 means you can also get the most recent improvements to the Linux kernel much faster than in WSL 1, as we can simply update the WSL 2 kernel rather than needing to reimplement the changes ourselves.
WSL 2 will be a much more powerful platform for you to run your Linux apps on, and will empower you to do more with a Linux environment on Windows.

Release details

Initial builds of WSL 2 will be available through the Windows insider program by the end of June 2019.

We will be announcing when the initial release is available right here on this blog, as well as on Twitter. You can follow the WSL team on Twitter below, where you can ask us questions and get more updates on everything WSL.

WSL Team members on Twitter:

Taylor Brown @Taylorb_msft

Yosef Durr @yosefdurr

Sven Groot @svengroot_ms

Ben Hillis @benhillis

Craig Loewen @craigaloewen

Sunil Muthuswamy @SunilMut

Brian Perkins

Palkesh Soni @sonipalkesh

John Starks @gigastarks

Craig Wilhite @CraigWilhite

Kayla Cinnamon @cinnamon_msft

Thank you so much for your support. We can confidently say that WSL would not be what it is today without its amazing community, and as always, we look forwards to hearing your valued feedback about the new WSL!

-The WSL Team

Craig Loewen,
Program Manager, Windows Developer Platform
Click to expand...

Source: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/comma...ouncing-wsl-2/

See also: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/comma...-with-windows/

Tip How to Enable or Disable Windows Subsystem for Linux in Windows 10

:)

Devlin Sco · May 6, 2019

Windows Subsystem Linux

Hello,

We would like to know more about the issue you're experiencing with using
Windows Subsystem for Linux. Kindly answer the following questions:

Are you developing a program, an app, or a software for Linux?

Is your Window 10 PC connected to a domain?

Are you managing a Windows Server PC?

What troubleshooting steps have you tried so far?

Can you tell us the Version and OS build of your Windows 10 device? You can find this information by clicking the
Start button, type About your PC, and then press
Enter.

We need the following information in order to determine if we need to refer your concern to the
TechNet forums or the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) forums.

For now, we suggest reviewing these support articles to find out if there's an issue with the installation of
Windows Subsystem for Linux:

Install the Windows Subsystem for Linux

Troubleshooting Windows Subsystem for Linux

We'll be waiting for your response.

Amit_Sun · May 6, 2019

Error 0x80070003 Windows Subsystem for Linux

Hi,

Thank you for writing to Microsoft Community Forums.

This issue could occur when distros are not stored on your system driver or if your system is in lower build and also if Windows Subsystem for Linux is not enabled, you can follow the instruction from the article
Windows Subsystem for Linux Installation Guide for Windows 10
and check if this helps you.

You can also Manually download Windows Subsystem for Linux distro packages
and install it.

If you need any further assistance, I suggest you to post your query on
TechNet forums where you will find support engineers who are well equipped with the knowledge and help you fix the issue.

Hope it helps,

Amit Sunar

Microsoft Community – Moderator

Brink · May 6, 2019

Under the hood of Microsoft's Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux

Microsoft is revealing more details about how Bash on Windows 10 works, and the company's 'Drawbridge' pico-process work figures prominently.

Bash on Windows 10 was one of the big reveals at Microsoft's recent Build conference. Since then, there's been a lot of speculation about what Microsoft did to make this possible.

Microsoft is starting to provide more details via blog posts and a new Channel 9 video on what's going on under the covers.

Spoiler alert: There's no secret Linux kernel hidden in Windows 10. Instead, it's the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) that was developed by the Windows Kernel team is what provides the foundation that enabled the Linux binaries to run on Windows.

WSL includes a user mode session manager, pico provider drivers that emulate a Linux kernel and pico processes that host the unmodified user mode Linux, like Bash, as Microsoft officials explain in an April 22 blog post...
Click to expand...

Read more: Under the hood of Microsoft's Windows Subsystem for Linux | ZDNet

Tip How to Enable or Disable Bash on Ubuntu on Windows 10

How to Create a Bash on Ubuntu on Windows 10 shortcut

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