Windows 10: Windows Explorer - thumbnails for JPG fail if over 10MB

Then, use the Command Prompt troubleshooting option.

1. Click Start button.
2. Click Power.
3. Hold Shift and click Restart.
PC restarts.
Blue screen shows up saying "Choose an option"
4. Click Troubleshoot.
5. Click Advanced options.
6. Click Command Prompt.
Screen turns black and PC restarts.
Screen says "Preparing Command Prompt".
Blue screen that says "Command Prompt" appears.
7. Click on any user that is in the list.
8. Type the password for that user. If it doesn't have a password, don't type anything.
9. Click Continue.
10. In Command Prompt, type D: and press Enter.11. Type cd users\r username\appdata\local\microsoft\windows\explorer and press Enter.
12. Type del /f /q *.db and press Enter.13.Close the window.
are now in the "Choose an option" screen.
14. Click Continue.

 

If that does not solve the problem, I would advise running the SFC /SCANNOW command in Command Prompt to scan for and fix corrupt system files.
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/929833