Windows 10: Windows Search cannot find new installed application

So sthg in your user profile is corrupted.

Let me check something. Which build are you using, and do you have a lot of shortcuts in your start menu?
Windows key + R, type winver
Please post the result. Thanks.

We'll check that, then there's this:
How to Fix start menu missing icons in Windows 10 | Microsoft Surface tablet

 

I have build 14393.693.
That fix for missing icons on start menu didn't work with mine.

 

The only other option I can suggest is an in-place upgrade repair install, noting possibly your comment

However, as you have discovered this is specific to your user account, I can't guarantee this will help- just the only thing left I can think of. I've not seen a similar report, but if you search this forum, you will find many many threads related to the start menu, and I've most certainly not seen all of them.

One more idea- it's a long shot. Go into safe mode in your normal user account and see if you see the missing shortcuts.

Possible examples:
Most desktop app icons missing from the Start screen
Missing applications in Start Menu after upgrading from 7 to 10

 

thank you for all your suggestions. It was really specific, not a common error. It already took quite some times trying to figure out what can be the issue.
Since I have other software specific configurations important for work, I would try to let it be a functioning machine. I have tried classic shell and it fits pretty well (even better as a replacement for windows search). I will stick with it for a while.